What is īmān?
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What is īmān?
05.08.2008 03:12 Yazan: CA-CHALLENGE
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Īmān means having belief in the six fundamental principles (Āmantu) of faith, and also accepting by heart all the commandments and prohibitions revealed to Muhammad (‘alaihis-salām) by Allahu ta’ālā and delivered by him to us, and to state this belief with the tongue.
The six fundamental principles of faith (āmantu) are as follows:
Āmantu bi’llāhi wa Malā’ikatihi wa Kutubihi wa Rusūlihi wal-yawm-il-ākhiri wa bil-qadari khairihi wa sharrihi minallāhi ta’ālā walbā’thu ba’d-al-mawt haqqun ash-hadu an lā ilāha illallāh wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan ’abduhu wa Rasūluhu.
[That is, I have belief in Allahu ta’ālā, in His angels, in His books, in His prophets, in the Day of Resurrection and Judgement, and in qadar [that is], that good and (khair) evil (sharr) are from Allahu ta’ālā. I bear witness that there is no ilāh (being to be worshipped) except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad (‘alaihis-salām) is His born slave and His Messenger.]
Īmān itself is without consulting mind, experience or philosophy, to confirm, to believe the facts which Hadrat Muhammad communicated as the Prophet. If one confirms them because they are reasonable, one has confirmed mind, not the Prophet. Or one will have confirmed the Messenger and the mind together, in which case the Prophet has not been trusted completely. When confidence is incomplete, there is not īmān. Allahu ta’ālā purports in the third āyat of Sūrat al-Baqara, (They believe in the Unseen [even though they do not see, they believe in what My Prophet communicates].). In addition, His Messenger declares, (There is no one more corruptive than one who measures the religion [religious knowledge] with one’s mind.) [Tabarānī]
If one who does not believe in the effects of evil eye says, “Today science explains that rays that are invisible to the eye effect tasks in many areas. For example, we can turn on or off our TVs and radios, or start our cars by using a remote control machine. For this reason, from now on, I believe that the rays coming out from eyes may cause damage,” this reasoning will have no worth then. For, this person does not believe in what the religion states, but the rays streaming from a remote control machine. Or one believes in both the rays and the Prophet. That is, it is not īmān, because one believes them due to the fact that science accepts the existence of the rays, and that one bears witness to the effects of them. It is necessary for us to believe in what are communicated in the religion even if science cannot prove them, and even if we cannot see their benefits and harms with our eyes. The real belief is to believe in the unseen; that is, believing something without seeing it. After one has seen, it is not īmān any more. In fact, it will be a confession of eye-witnessing. What is praised in the 3rd āyat of Sūrat al-Baqara is having īmān in the ghayb, that is, believing in the unseen. Likewise, the six fundamental principles of īmān necessitate having faith in the ghayb. Because we have not seen any of them with our eyes.
Our Master, the Prophet explained the īmān as follows by clarifying the āyats concerning the faith below:
(Īmān is having faith in Allahu ta’ālā, in His angels, in His books, in His prophets, in the Last Day, [that is, having belief in the Day of Qiyama, Paradise, Hell, Judgement, and Mīzān ‘balance’] in qadar [that is], that good (khair) and evil (sharr) are from Allahu ta’ālā, and in death and Resurrection. Also, īmān is to bear witness that there is no ilāh except Allah, and that I am a born slave and the Messenger of Him.) [Bukhārī, Muslim, Nasāī]
It is purported in the Qur’ān al-karīm:
(The real piety is to believe in Allah, in the Last Day, in His angels, in His books, and in His messengers.) [Sūrat al-Baqara 177]
(They believe in the Unseen [even if they do not see Allah, angels, the Doomsday, Paradise, and Hell]) [Sūrat al-Baqara 3]
(They believe in that which is revealed unto thee (Muhammad ‘alaihis-salām’ ) and that which was revealed before thee, and are certain of the Hereafter.) [Sūrat al-Baqara 4]
The necessity of believing in Allah, in the Last Day, in His angels, In His books, in His prophets, and in the unseen is declared in the above-mentioned three āyats.
(He knows what lies before them and what is after them.) [Sūrat al-Baqara 255]
(And no person can ever die except by Allah’s leave.) [Sūrat Āl-i ‘Imrān 145]
(Allah has decreed a stated term [for you].) [Sūrat al-An’ām 2]
The three āyats above highlight that whatever comes upon humanbeings is by Allahu ta’ālā’s Will, and also indicate that one must believe in qadar.
(If some good reaches them, they say, “This is from Allah” but if some evil befalls them, they say, “This is from you.” Say: "All things are from Allah," so what is wrong with these people that they fail to understand any word?) [Sūrat an-Nisā 78]
The āyat above notifies us of the fact that good and evil are from Allahu ta’ālā.
(Muhammad (‘alaihis-salām) is the Messenger of Allah and the Last of the prophets.) [Sūrat al-Ahzāb 40]
Furthermore, that āyat declares that Hadrat Muhammad is the Prophet of Allahu ta’ālā.
The meaning of Āmantu
The hadīth-i sharīf stating the Āmantu purports as in the following:
(Īmān is having faith in Allahu ta’ālā, in His angels, in His books, in His prophets, in the Last Day, [that is, having belief in the Day of Qiyama, Paradise, Hell, Judgement, and Mīzān ‘balance’] in qadar [that is], that good (khair) and evil (sharr) are from Allahu ta’ālā, and in death and Resurrection. Also, īmān is to bear witness that there is no ilāh except Allah, and that I am a born slave and the Messenger of Him.) [Bukhārī, Muslim, Nasāī]
Faith in Allah:
Having faith in Allahu ta’ālā means accepting and believing with one’s heart in His existence, His Oneness, His having no partner, His creating everything out of nothing, and there being no creator other than Allah. It means accepting and loving all of the rules of the religion which Allahu ta’ālā has sent through with the mediation of the Last Prophet Muhammad (‘alaihis-salām) who came as rahmat-al-lil-‘alamīn (grace to all nations).
It is purported in an āyat-i karīma:
(Believe in Allah and His Messenger, the ummī Prophet!) [Sūrat al-A’rāf 158]
Faith in His Angels:
Angels are nūrānī (luminous, spiritual) creatures. They are neither male or female. It is a condition for us to love their deeds, and to accept, to confirm that they are all sinless and obedient.
It is purported in an āyat-i karīma:
(The real piety is to believe in Allah, in the Last Day, in His angels, in His Books, and in His messengers.) [Sūrat al-Baqara 177]
Faith in His Books:
The faith in the Books has to be as follows: The Zabūr (the original Psalms), the Tawrāt (Torah), the Injīl (Latin Evangelium), the Qur’ān al-karīm, and all other books were sent down by Allahu ta’ālā. All of the Books are just and right; however, with the Last Book, the Our’ān al-karīm, Allahu ta’ālā abolished the validity of other books. Besides, one must also accept and confirm that the books before Qur’ān al-karīm were defiled by people, and they are no longer The Word of Allahu ta’ālā.
It is purported in an āyat-i karīma:
(They believe in that which is revealed [Qur’ān al-karīm] unto thee and that which was revealed before thee) [Sūrat al-Baqara 4]
Faith in His Prophets:
One must accept and confirm that all prophets were selected by Allahu ta’ālā, and they were all devoted, truthful, and did not commit any grave or venial sins. A person who does not certify and who belittles even one of them becomes a kāfir (disbeliever). One must believe, accept and certify that the first prophet is Ādam (‘alaihis-salām), and the last one is Muhammad (‘alaihis-salām). One must put faith in this fact that our Master, the Prophet communicated the rules of the religion in the best and precise manner, and one must accept and love all these commandments and prohibitions.
An āyat-i karīma purports:
(Those who believe in Allah and His messengers and do not make a distinction between any of them- Allah will grant them their rewards.) [Sūrat an-Nisā]
Faith in Qadā’ and Qadar:
Having faith in qadā’ and qadar necessitate a person to believe that Allahu ta’ālā has bestowed irāda-i juz’iyya (partial will) upon people, and that people make selections using their partial wills, and that all of their deeds are created by Allahu ta’ālā in the end. The meaning of khair (good) and sharr (evil) is to know, to accept, to confirm and to esteem highly that all deeds are opted and willed by people, and that Allahu ta’ālā creates them if He also wills.
It is purported in an āyat-i karīma:
(The command of Allah is a predestined qadar that will certainly take place.) [Sūrat al-Ahzāb 38]
Faith in the Last Day:
Faith in the Last Day means believing, accepting and esteeming highly that people will resurrect after the annihilation of everything, and that, after Judgement and Mīzān ‘balance,’
The Muslims will be awarded Paradise and the disbelievers will be in Hell eternally.
An āyat-i karīma purports:
(They [Muslims] believe in Yawm al-ākhir.) [Sūrat al-Baqara 4]
Faith in Kalima-i shahādat has to be as follows:
I bear witness; that is, I know and utter as if I saw that there is no ilāh save Allah. Again, I bear witness; that is, I know and utter as if I saw that Muhammad (‘alaihis-salām) is a born servant, the Messenger and the Last Prophet of Allahu ta’ālā.
Two āyat-i karīmas purport:
(Muhammad (‘alaihis-salām) is the Messenger of Allah and the Last of the prophets.) [Sūrat al-Ahzāb 40]
([As for] Those who believe in Allah and His Prophet will have their light and rewards.) [Sūrat al-Hadīd 19]
What is ‘having faith’?
Question: In order to be a Muslim, it is obligatory that we have faith in all six tenets of belief in Āmantu. What is ‘having faith’ then?
ANSWER
Believing means admitting, confirming and loving as if we saw it. In order for one to be a Muslim, it is obligatory that one have faith; that is, one has to believe in the commandments and the prohibitions of our religion. Indeed, it does not suffice to have faith alone; additionally, one must also love and regard them with reverence. So this issue is a matter of knowledge. Practising the rules of the religion is separate from accepting, loving and respecting them. Whereas whether one carries out these commandments or not is related to committing sins or gaining thawāb, accepting and loving them are related to īmān (belief). The six fundemantal principles of faith are a complete indivisible ensemble which are crucially important. They do not tolerate even a shadow of doubt. Not to love and not to like any of them are signs of disbelief no matter whether one believes in it or not.
What is the definition of īmān?
You define īmān as in the following:
‘Īmān itself is without consulting mind, experience or philosophy, to confirm, to believe the facts which Muhammad (‘alaihis-salām) communicated as the Prophet. If one confirms them because they are reasonable, one has confirmed mind, not the Prophet. Or one will have confirmed the Messenger and the mind together, in which case the Prophet has not been trusted completely. When confidence is incomplete, there is not īmān. Īmān is to believe for certain in the six tenets of belief in the Āmantu. For, when the pious are exalted in the Qur’ān al-karīm, it is purported, (They believe in the Unseen.)’
This definition contradicts the Qur’ān, and is contrary to the 62th āyat of Sūrat al-Baqara. Īmān should be having faith in only Allahu ta’ālā and in the Last Day. This definition has nothing to do with Muhammadī path, either.
ANSWER
The term Muhammadī is not appropriate. This term belongs to orientalists and missionaries who do not believe in our Master, the Prophet’s prophethood, and who allege that the Qur’ān is not the Word of Allah, but the Word of Muhammad (‘alaihis-salām). Are the principles that must be believed in highlighted only in the 62th āyat of (sūra) Baqara?
Why are you drawing a veil over other āyats? However, in this way, you cannot hide the truth. Īmān is not believing only in Allah and in the Last Day. As a matter of fact, īmān is having faith in all six tenets of belief in the Āmantu. What is praised in the 3rd āyat of Baqara Sūra is believing in the ghayb; that is, believing in the unseen. Likewise, the six tenets of belief necessitate believing in the unseen, because we have not seen any of them with our eyes.
Do you know how Hadrat Abū Bakr as-Siddīq (radiy-Allahu ta’ālā ‘anh), the highest and the most auspicious of all human beings after prophets, was promoted to this high grade and attained the name of ‘Siddīq’? The reason for his receiving this honor is his saying with his heart, (Every word Allahu ta’ālā reveals is true, and every word declared by His Prophet is true). These words of his bewildered the disbelievers, and being at a loss, they said, (How amazing! Verily, Muhammad bewitched Abū Bakr, because he believes and confirms His [Muhammad ‘alaihis-salām’] ascent to the Mi’rāj in a moment.)
Our Master, the Prophet explained the īmān as follows by clarifying the āyats concerning the faith below:
(Īmān is having faith in Allahu ta’ālā, in His angels, in His books, in His prophets, in the Last Day, [that is, having belief in the Day of Qiyama, Paradise, Hell, Judgement, and Mīzān ‘balance’] in qadar [that is], that good (khair) and evil (sharr) are from Allāhu ta’ālā, and in death and Resurrection. Also, īmān is to bear witness that there is no ilāh except Allah, and that I am a born slave and the Messenger of Him.) [Bukhārī, Muslim, Nasāī]
It is purported in the Qur’ān al-karīm:
(The real piety is to believe in Allah, in the Last Day, in His angels, in His books, and in His messengers.) [Sūrat al-Baqara 177]
(They believe in the Unseen [even if they do not see Allah, angels, the Doomsday, Paradise, and Hell]) [Sūrat al-Baqara 3]
(They believe in that which is revealed unto thee [Muhammad ‘alaihis-salām’] and that which was revealed before thee, and are certain of the Hereafter.) [Sūrat al-Baqara 4]
The necessity of believing in Allah, in the Last Day, in His angels, In His books, in His prophets, and in the unseen is declared in the above-mentioned three āyats.
(He knows what lies before them and what is after them.) [Sūrat al-Baqara 255]
(And no person can ever die except by Allah’s leave.) [Sūrat Āl-i ‘Imrān 145]
(Allah has decreed a stated term [for you].) [Sūrat al-An’ām 2]
The three āyats above highlight that whatever comes upon humanbeings is by Allahu ta’ālā’s Will, and also indicate that one must believe in qadar.
(If some good reaches them, they say, ‘This is from Allah,’ but if some evil befalls them, they say, ‘This is from you.’ Say: ‘All things are from Allah,’ so what is wrong with these people that they fail to understand any word?) [Sūrat an-Nisā 78]
The āyat above notifies us of the fact that good and evil are from Allahu ta’ālā.
(Muhammad [‘alaihis-salām] is the Messenger of Allah and the Last of the prophets.) [Sūrat al-Ahzāb 40]
Furthermore, that āyat declares that Hadrat Muhammad is the Prophet of Allahu ta’ālā.
Īmān is an imperative need for every person
Question: Is ‘having īmān’ not a requirement of the mind?
ANSWER
Our Master, the Prophet (sall-Allāhu alaihi wa sallam) informed that a person without īmān will burn eternally in the fire of Hell. This information is definitely true. Believing this is as essential as believing in the fact that Allahu ta’ālā exists and is One. What does it mean to burn eternally in a fire? Imagining being burned eternally in a fire could drive anyone mad with fear. And one would look for a way to secure oneself against this horrifying disaster. The way to do this, in its turn, is very simple. What will secure one against this everlasting disaster is merely ‘to believe that Allahu ta’ālā exists and is One, and that Muhammad (‘alaihis-salām) is His Last Messenger, and that all the facts he has informed of are true.’
If one says that one does not believe in the threat of burning eternally, that one does not fear such a disaster, that one is not looking for a way to escape that disaster, our challenge is: ‘Do you have an evidence, a document to base your disbelief on? What knowledge or science keeps you from believing?’ Certainly, one will not be able to adduce an evidence. Can a statement not based on documentary facts be said to be knowledge or science? It may be called a supposition or assumption. Would it not be necessary to secure oneself against the horrendous calamity of ‘burning in everlasting fire’ even if it were one to a billion probability? Wouldn’t a judicious person avoid such a misadventure? Wouldn’t one look for safety precautions against the possible danger of burning eternally in fire? As it is seen, īmān is the only choice for any person who has wisdom.
Having īmān does not require enduring hardships such as paying taxes, donating property, carrying loads, and the deprivation of abstaining from pleasant, sweet tastes. A heartfelt, devoted, sincere belief will do. Nor is it necessary to inform unbelievers about one’s belief. Imām ar-Rabbānī (rahimahullahu ta’ālā) states, ‘Even if one does not believe in the fact that there will be eternal burning (for unbelievers), one should at least surmise for prudence’ sake.’ Supposing timeless burning in a fire were a mere possibility, would it not be idiocy, a very grave eccentricity to refrain from the blessing of īmān, which is its only and definite remedy?
People who are deprived of īmān
Question: ‘If one is endowed with the blessing of īmān, is there any other blessing more precious than it? But, if one is deprived of the blessing of īmān, is there any other deprivation more desperate than it? ‘ What do these words of wisdom mean?
ANSWER
The ultimate conclusion is drawn after judging the last status. What is considered important is eternal profit or loss. The cause of attaining the eternal blessings or falling into eternal torments is conditional upon the existence of a treasure in one’s heart. This treasure is having īmān; that is, becoming a Muslim. Accordingly, those words of wisdom mean that one possesses all things if one has this treasure but one is deprived of all things if one does not have this treasure. For example, suppose a pious Muslim who is the poorest of all people in the world. If people say to him, ‘ If you give up your īmān, we will grant you all the imaginable fortunes, and the title deeds. You will also lead the world,’ that needy pious Muslim never accepts this offer. As it is seen, a person with īmān has acquired not only an unattainable grade but also a treasure that cannot be bought, even when all the fortunes of the world come together.
To sum up, if one who has faith in Allahu ta’ālā keeps this credal state at one’s last breath, one will be in Paradise eternally. In that case, if one does not have any other wordly things, does it really matter? As for unbelievers, the ultimate doom for them is the eternal Hell fire. Even if they possess all the world, can it ward off the bitter end? For this reason, when we are doing any deed, our major concern must be the Consent of Allahu ta’ālā; whether He is pleased with our occupation with a certain deed or not. If He is pleased with that deed, rumblings of discontent from other people do not set any value. Conversely, if He is not pleased with it, it is of no value whether people are content or pleased with it. Then, our supreme measure of value in all our deeds must be the Consent of Allahu ta’ālā.
Stating the belief with the tongue
Question: I have a friend from England. He has become a Muslim, and practices namāzes [ritual prayers], but he has not informed people about his belief. He says that if the English hear about his belief they will have a bad opinion of him. He has read in the books that it is necessary to accept by heart and to state this belief with the tongue. So he wants to learn that in the presence of how many people he must state his belief with his tongue, and also wants to learn that he will not be considered a Muslim if he dies before stating his belief with his tongue in the presence of people.
ANSWER
Yes, in order to become a Muslim, it is obligatory to accept the tenets of belief by heart and to state this belief with the tongue. However, (as for your friend) it is not necessary for him to inform others about his belief. One must state one’s belief with the tongue in a Muslim country so that one can be known as a Muslim, so that religious and social dealings which concern Muslims can be applied to one as well, and so that one can be interred in a Muslim cemetery.
Believing and loving
Question: It is said that all people who believe in Paradise, in Hell and in the existence of Allah are Mu’mins and they, who believe in this way, will be awarded Paradise. Is it true?
ANSWER
It is plainly wrong! Shaytān, in the same way, believes in Allah, in Paradise and Hell, in the other tenets of belief, in angels, in prophets, in the heavenly books, in the Resurrection after death, and in the Day of Judgement; that is, Shaytān knows them as well. However, it does not suffice only to know and to believe in the six fundemantal principles of belief in the Āmantu. As well as believing in the six fundemantal principles of belief in the Āmantu, it is an additional condition that one must also accept and love all the commandments and prohibitions revealed by Allahu ta’ālā. One who does not love any of them cannot become a Muslim. Apart from these, there is another issue; namely, hubb-i-fillah and bughd-i-fillah.
That is, one must consider Allah’s friends as friends and His enemies as enemies. If one stays away from His friends and loves His enemies, then one is not a Muslim.
As it can be seen, even Shaytān believes in Āmantu, and knows it in detail. But Shaytān does not accept and love them, and, what is more, considers the enemies of Allah as the friends and the friends of Allah as the enemies. A person who knows and believes like Shaytān is not a Muslim.
The most virtuous īmān
Question: What is the most virtuous īmān?
ANSWER
After believing in the six tenets of belief and having hubb-i-fillah and bughd-i-fillah, the most virtuous of all good deeds is to remember Allahu ta’ālā all the time, and to do one’s all acts compatibly with the religion and for the sake of Allah.
It is stated in a hadīth-i sharīf:
(The most virtuous īmān is your knowing that Allahu ta’ālā is with you no matter where you are.) [Tabarānī]
07.08.2008 02:39 Yazan: meltem-meltem
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